Within the Bhagavad Gītā we can find the following definition of Yoga: “Samatvam yoga ucyate” (Bhagavadgítá, II:48)
Evenness of mind is yoga
The mind reacts in 3 ways: thoughts, words and actions.
And the mind is made of 3 gunas (qualities of matter):
Rajas: dynamism, energy, movement. If it is unbalanced (high) there may be an excess of reactions, and actions without being able to stay still.
Tamas: inertia (allows us to sleep at night). If it is high we feel lethargic. There is no inclination to action.
Sattva: enlightenment, there is mental clarity. Decisions are wise, words are wise. The actions are light and not forced.
For example, in the moment of anger, actions can come out spontaneously. If there is control, instead of violent actions, words can be expressed to demonstrate anger. And even if there is control and words are not spoken, there may be violent thoughts. The state of mind is disturbed.If we can keep our mind in a balanced state, we are in a state of yoga.
Se conseguimos manter a mente num estado de balance estamos em um estado de yoga.
How to do this?
The mind can be controlled using the practice of ásanas, pranayamas or meditation.
The practice of asanas (proper asanas, not just any asanas) allows us to reduce excess Rajas. Pranayama (proper) balances Tamas. This way we can achieve balance (sattva) and a uniform mind.
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